Sigma (𝞂) bond
Sigma (𝞂) bond
This type of
covalent bond is formed by the end to end (hand-on) overlap of bonding orbitals
along the internuclear axis. This is called as head on overlap or axial
overlap. This can be formed by any one of the following types of combinations
of atomic orbitals.
s-s overlapping : In this case, there is overlap of
two half filled s-orbitals along the internuclear axis as shown below:
s-p overlapping: This type of overlapping occurs
between half filled s-orbitals of one atom and half filled p-orbitals of
another atom.
p-p overlapping : This type of overlap takes place
between half filled p-orbitals of the two approaching atoms.
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