Ozone Hole
Ozone Hole
In 1980
atmospheric scientists working in Antarctica reported about depletion of ozone
layer commonly known as ozone hole over the South Pole. It was found that
unique set of conditions was responsible for the ozone hole. In summer season,
nitrogen dioxide and methane react with chlorine monoxide and chlorine atoms
forming chlorine sinks, preventing much ozone depletion, whereas in winter,
special type of clouds called polar stratospheric clouds are formed over Antarctica.
These polar stratospheric clouds provide surface on which chlorine nitrate
formed gets hydrolysed to form hypochlorous acid. It also reacts with hydrogen
chloride produced as per reaction to give molecular chlorine.
When
sunlight returns to the Antarctica in the spring, the sun’s warmth breaks up
the clouds and HOCl and Cl2 are photolysed by sunlight, as given in
reactions.
The chlorine
radicals thus formed, initiate the chain reaction for ozone depletion as
described earlier.
Effect of Depletion of the Ozone layer
With the
depletion of ozone layer, more UV radiation filters into troposphere. UV
radiations lead to ageing of skin, cataract, sunburn, skin cancer, killing of
many phytoplanktons, damage o fish productivity etc. It has also been reported
that plan proteins get easily affected by UV radiations which leads to the
harmful mutation of cells. It also increases evaporation of surface water through
the stomata of the leaves and decreases the moisture content of the soil. Increase
in UV radiations damage paints and fibers, causing them to fade faster.
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